Topographies of Defense is a project led by graduate students Michael Rado, Louis Kishfy, and Frances Lightbound, which examines design in the urban sphere that functions primarily to discourage, rather than facilitate, human usage: features such as homeless spikes, decorative security facades, anti-skate rails, bollards, benches, and planters that contribute to a covertly defensive reconfiguration of public space.
Photo: Joey Asal
Photo: Joey Asal